Bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage due to tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and systematic literature review / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of cerebral hemorrhage caused by tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (TDAVF).Methods:An unusual TDAVF case admitted to the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University in March 2020, complicated with hypertension with successive bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage in short term was reported. The characteristics of cerebral hemorrhage caused by TDAVF reported in the literature were summarized and analyzed.Results:Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed that there was arteriovenous fistula in the tentorial foramen area of this patient (male, 33 years old), and the TDAVF was fed by the right meningohypophyseal trunk, bilateral middle meningeal artery and posterior cerebral artery. A shunted pouch was present in the tentorial foramen area, and retrograde reflux drainage was seen in the deep venous system, from the meningeal vein to superior sagittal sinus or sigmoid sinus. Transarterial embolization was performed and subsequently DSA showed obliteration of the fistula. This patient experienced no clinical decline or rehemorrhage during the 12 months follow-up period. Forty-one cases of TDAVF with hemorrhage of cerebral parenchyma which were reported before March 30, 2021 with detailed clinical and imaging data were summarized. The average age of onset of this group of patients was 57.2 years, and the ratio of male to female was about 3∶1. The hemorrhage was located in superior of the tentorium in 17 cases (41%), while in inferior of the tentorium in 24 cases (59%). Supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurred in occipital lobe and thalamus. DSA showed that the arteriovenous fistula was classified as Borden type Ⅲ or Cognard type Ⅳ in 36 cases (88%). Twenty-nine patients (71%) underwent a single surgical procedure, while 12 cases (29%) underwent combined surgical or other treatments. Overall, 37 patients (90%) achieved angiographically documented obliteration of the fistula and 39 patients (95%) experienced good or excellent outcomes.Conclusions:TDAVF often presents as cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage which is common in supratentorial region, but rare in basal ganglia region. The cause of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hypertension may not be attributed to hypertension. Early diagnosis and intervention are of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients.

New discovery and short-term effect analysis of tensor tympani muscle tenotomy for Meniere's disease under otoscope / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the feasibility and short-term effect of tensor tympani muscle Tenotomy in the treatment of Meniere's disease under otoscope. The possible pathogenesis was discussed and our views were put forward. Methods: The clinical data of 9 cases of Meniere's disease treated by otoscopic Tenotomy were analyzed retrospectively, including 2 males, 7 females, 5 right ones, 2 left ones and 2 bilateral ones. The average age was (56.33± 10.56) years, ranging from 38 to 75 years. We evaluated intraoperative findings and short-term postoperative efficacy, respectively evaluated postoperative aural fullness, tinnitus and hearing recovery, and evaluated postoperative vertigo attack in a short time. Results: Nine patients were completed the operation under general anaesthesia and otoscopy, and no serious complications occurred. We found new pathological changes in tympanic cavity in some cases during operation. There were rupture of round window membrane in 1 case, severe fibrous hyperplasia near the round window membrane and vestibular window and adhesion with ossicular chain in 1 case, fibrous cord and membranous hyperplasia near vestibular window and round window membrane in 1 case, fibrous hyperplasia and adhesion near the round window membrane in 2 cases, membranous hyperplasia and adhesion around vestibular window in 1 case. No fibrous hyperplasia was found in 3 cases in the tympanic cavity. The round window membrane can be exposed in 4 cases and failed in 5 cases. After 3 months of follow-up, we found that we found that 5/5 cases of aural fullness disappeared, 2/2 cases of earache disappeared, 3/8 cases of tinnitus improved, 5/8 cases presented with improvement and no aggravation, 3/3 cases of hearing allergy improved, 4/9 cases of hearing improved, and 5/9 cases showed no improvement or decrease. 9 patients were followed up for 3 months, of whom 8 patients had no vertigo, one patient suffered from vertigo twice within 3 months after operation, and the patient suffered from rupture of round window membrane. Conclusions: Endoscopic Tenotomy for Meniere's disease has obvious curative effect and quick recovery after operation. During the operation, we find that most of Meniere's patients have fibrous cord hyperplasia near the inner ear window membrane, which may be the pathological manifestation after repeated rupture and repair of the inner ear window membrane. The vertigo of Meniere's disease may be related to the destruction and repair of inner ear membrane structure caused by improper contraction or spasm of tympanic tensor muscle.

Investigation of the replacement of obstructed double J tube in ureter under X-ray guidance / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of the X-ray guided obstructive double J tube replacement in ureter.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients with double J tube obstruction who underwent double J tube replacement from April 2016 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 44 cases, there were 3 males and 41 females, aged from 27.0 to 70.0 (54.6±11.2) years. The time since last double J tube placement, the method of transurethral remove of double J tube, the method of double J tube replacement, the location of double J tube obstruction and postoperative complications were collected, and the success rate of operation was calculated. According to the different positions of calcium salt deposition in double J tubes, the obstructive double J tubes were divided into bladder end type, renal pelvis end type, two-end type and whole partial type. The replacement method was differentiated according to different types of double J tube obstruction. The cut-off end method was to cut off the obstructed bladder end of double J tube by scissors, and the internal unobstructed double J tube could be seen. The guide wire could be introduced into the renal pelvis through the double J tube, and the new double J tube could be replaced. This method was only used for bladder end type double J tube obstruction. The thine guide wire method was to replace the common guide wire which could not pass through the renal pelvis end obstruction with the microguide wire, so that it could pass through the end of the double J tube of the renal pelvis end obstruction or through the side hole, enter into the renal pelvis, withdraw the original double J tube, and then replace the new double J tube. This method was suitable for renal pelvis end type double J tube obstruction, or combined with cut-off end method for two-end type double J tube obstruction. In the auxiliary sheath method, the obstructed double J tube was used as the support, the vascular sheath tube was sent into the ureter, and the guide wire was sent to the renal pelvis through the sheath tube to replace the new double J tube. This method was suitable for all types of double J tube obstruction.Results:A total of 47 X-ray-guided double J tube replacements were performed in 44 patients. In the removal of double J tube, 37 cases of direct method and 10 cases of indirect method were used, and the overall success rate of double J tube removal was 100% (47/47). The time from the last double J tube placement was (4.2±1.3) months. There were 23 cases of bladder end type obstruction, 8 cases of renal pelvis end obstruction, 5 cases of two-end type obstruction, and 11 cases of whole partial type obstruction.The success rate of replacing double J tubes by cut-off end method, thin guide wire method and auxiliary sheath method was 76.0% (19/25), 50.0% (2/4) and 77.8% (14/18), respectively. After the failure of the cut-off end method or the thin guide wire method, 4 cases were further replaced by the thin guide wire method or auxiliary sheath method, and 3 cases were successful. Therefore, the overall success rate of double J tube replacement was 80.9% (38/47). The double J tubes were inserted by percutanous pyelostomy in 9 patients who failed to replace double J tube successfully. Among the 44 cases, there were 4 cases of urethral orifice pain and discomfort, and 2 cases of gross hematuria, all of which relieved spontaneously.Conclusion:It is feasible and safe to replace the obstructive double J tube in ureter under X-ray guidance.

DSA-guided percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy for treatment of esophageal cancer with dysphagia / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of DSA-guided percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (PRG) in patients with esophageal cancer with dysphagia. Methods: Data of 194 patients with esophageal cancer with dysphagia were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into PRG group (enteral nutrition support via DSA-guided PRG, n=80) and non-PRG group (nutritional support through oral feeding after esophageal stent insertion, n=114). Body mass index (BMI), the serum levels of albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin before and 1 month after operation, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference of BMI, albumin, prealbumin nor hemoglobin between 2 groups preoperation (all P>0.05). Albumin, prealbumin and hemoglobin 1 month after operation were lower than those preoperation in both groups (all P<0.05),but in PRG group were significantly higher than those in non-PRG group (all P<0.05). During the follow-up period, the incidences of aspiration pneumonia and tracheoesophageal fistula in PRG group were significantly lower than in non-PRG group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: DSA-guided PRG can improve nutritional status and reduce the incidences of aspiration pneumonia and tracheoesophageal fistula in patients with esophageal cancer with dysphagia.

Clinical efficacy of vaginal repair for type Ⅱ cesarean scar pregnancy / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of vaginal hysterectomy and uterine scar repair in the treatment of type Ⅱ cesare-an scar pregnancy. Methods A total of 157 patients with type Ⅱ cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) admitted to our obstetrics and gynecology department of our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into ultrasound curettage group (n =87) and vaginal repair group(n =70) according to different surgical methods. The surgical bleeding volume, operative time, hospital stay and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) level before and after operation,the time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level,hemoglobin (HB) level before and after operation,menstrual recovery time,stress response, inflammatory response and surgical complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss volume, operative time and hospital slay in ultrasound curettage group were lower than those in vaginal repair group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level in vaginal repair group after operation was shorter than that in ultrasound curettage group, the difference was significant (P ＜ 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the HB level between the two groups(P＞0.05). The menstrual recovery time in vaginal repair group was shorter than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0. 05). The levels of postoperative epinephrine (E) and Cortisol (Cor) in vaginal repair group after operation were lower than those in ultrasound curettage group, while the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was higher than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in vaginal repair group after operation were lower than those in ultrasound curettage group while the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications in ultrasound curettage group was higher than that in vaginal repair group(P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Vaginal repair is more beneficial to shortern the time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level and menstrual recovery time, promote the inflammatory factor and hormone recovery to a normal level, and reduce the incidence of complication.

Clinical epidemiological analysis of 849 cases of colorectal cancer in Mudanjiang region of China / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To understand the characteristics and trends of clinical epidemiology of colorectal cancer in recent years.Methods The data of 849 patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by pathology in Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College and Cancer Hospital of Mudanjiang City from January 2010 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed by chi square test and variance analysis.Results In recent years,the patients with colorectal cancer were aging (F~ =2.471,P ＜ 0.05).Though the elderly (＞ 60 years old) people were the main population (65.6 ％,557/849),the young (＜ 40 years old) patients with colorectal cancer still accounted for 3.5 ％ (30/849).The rectum was the most common site where the carcinoma arose (56.54 ％,480/849).There was a significant difference between male and female patients in the location and pathological type of tumor (x2 =10.294,P =0.006;x2 =10.468,P =0.015).The incidence of left and right colon was increased [20.02 ％ (170/849) and 23.44 ％ (199/849),x2 =29.023,P =0.004],and the proportion of adenocarcinoma was increased (x2 =40.203,P =0.001).Conclusion The number of elderly patients with colorectal cancer in Mudanjiang region of China is increased significantly in recent years.The adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological type,and its incidence is increasing in recent 5 years.Thus healthy education and colorectal cancer prevention should be strengthened.

Comparison of two modalities of minimally invasive surgery in treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancretography (ERCP) plus endoscopic sphinetemtomy (EST) plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis.Method One hundred and six patients with acute biliary pancreatitis and biliary obstruction underwent minimally invasive surgery between January 2012 and February 2016 in our hospital,including 54 cases received LCBDE + LC (LCBDE group) and 52 cases received ERCP + EST + LC (ERCP group).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,medical expenses and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Results The operating time in LCBDE group was longer than that in ERCP group [(110.2 ± 11.2) min vs.(100.8 ±22.8) min,x2 =-2.11,P ＜ 0.05],the length of hospital stay was shorter [(10.3 ± 3.8) d vs.(12.6 ±3.4) d,x2 =2.32,P ＜ 0.05],the medical expense was less [(31 245.3 ± 1 237.2) Yuan vs.(42 342.2 ±1 354.3)Yuan,x2 =2.82,P ＜ 0.01].There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss [(40.2 ± 10.3) ml vs.(39.3 ± 10.4) ml,x2 =0.88,P ＞ 0.05],the rate of postoperative analgesic use [11.11％ (6/54) vs.13.46％ (7/52),x2 =0.102,P ＞0.05] and the incidence of postoperativecomplications [9.26％ (5/54) vs.11.54％ (6/52),x2 =0.080,P ＞0.05] between two groups.Conclusion laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages of shorter hospital stay and lower medical expenses in treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis combined with biliary infection.

Effect of resveratrol on proliferation of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells andlowering levels of mTOR protein phosphorylation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of resveratrol on proliferation of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and the relevant mechanism.Methods SMMC-7721 cells were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol.Cell proliferation was tested by cell proliferation assay and colony-forming experiment.The effect of resveratrol on cell cycle of SMMC-7721 cells was detected by flow cytometry.The activation of mTOR/p-mTOR proteins was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group, resveratrol inhibited SMMC-7721 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01);cell cycle detection showed that SMMC-7721 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase by resveratrol;Westren blot assay showed that resveratrol down-regulated p-mTOR expression.Conslusion Resveratrol inhibits human SMMC-7721 cell proliferation and arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, while the inhibition mechanism may be related to activation of mTOR signaling pathway by resveratrol.

Functional differentiation of dopaminergic neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The in vitro differentiation methods of stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons that serve as a cell source for the replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease are continuously optimized and improved, as well as the subsequent identification methods and testing indicators. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological development and electrophysiological characteristics of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells so as to identify whether these differentiated cells have mature morphology and function under the current differentiation program. METHODS: Monolayer adherent method combined with dual-SMAD signaling inhibition was used to induce the directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Then the cells were identified by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the electrophysiological properties of dopaminergic neurons were detected by patch clamp electrophysiological technique. Herein, we evaluated the electrophysiological functions of dopaminergic neurons differentiated in vitro, with reference to the evaluation standard of dopaminergic neuron in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we successfully obtained dopaminergic neurons with mature morphology and functions differentiated from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Findings from the subsequent electrophysiological test confirmed that dopaminergic neurons we acquired had electrophysiological properties in accordance with the evaluation standards of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. To conclude, the monolayer adherent method combined with dual-SMAD signaling inhibition can successfully induce the directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons with mature morphology and functions.

Influence of simvastatin on dopaminergic neurons of lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of simvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the mechanisms involved. Methods: Hemiparkinsonian rat models were induced by stereotaxieal injection of LPS in the right substantia nigra compacta. After 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment, rotational behavior test was performed after the intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine. Expression of tyroxine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining of substantia nigra and striatum, and the level of TNF- α was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Comparing with untreated group, behavioral symptoms of the rats were significantly less in the rats that received simvastatin treatment. The TH positive cell count in substantia nigra and striatum were significantly increased (. P<0.05) and TNF- α expression was significantly decreased (. P<0.05) in simvastatin group compared to untreated group. Conclusions: Simvastatin could effectively inhibit the activation of astrocytes, reduce TNF- α expression, and exert anti-inflammatory effects, and thus protect the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum of the rat model of PD.

Effects of curcumine on antioxidation in diabetic rats

To investigate the effects of curcumin on antioxidation and its mechanism in diabetic rat model. After streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic rat model, large, medium and small doses of curcumin group were partly given curcumin solution 200,100,50mg·kg-1, administered once a day, continuously 30 days. In 30th day, determine blood glucose [BG] value, after the last injection, determine the serum superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], glycosylated serum protein [GSP] and free fatty acid [FFA] levels. Compared with the model group rats, In the 10[th], 30[th] administrate, each dose of curcumin group rats' BG, MDA, GSP, FFA levels were significantly reduced, SOD levels was increased significantly. curcumin can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of diabetic model, improve the metabolic disorder

Influence of simvastatin on dopaminergic neurons of lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of simvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model ofParkinson's disease(PD) and the mechanisms involved.Methods:Hemiparkinsonian rat models were induced by stereotaxieal injection ofLPS in the right substantia nigra compacta.After2 weeks of simvastatin treatment, rotational behavior test was performed after the intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine.Expression of tyroxine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining of substantia nigra and striatum, and the level ofTNF-α was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Comparing with untreated group, behavioral symptoms of the rats were significantly less in the rats that received simvastatin treatment.TheTH positive cell count in substantia nigra and striatum were significantly increased(P<0.05) andTNF-α expression was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in simvastatin group compared to untreated group.Conclusions:Simvastatin could effectively inhibit the activation of astrocytes, reduceTNF-α expression, and exert anti-inflammatory effects, and thus protect the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum of the rat model ofPD.

Randomized Double-blind and Multi-center Clinical Trial ofLianhua Jizhi Tablets in Treatment of Acute Trachitis and Bronchitis with Syndrome of Phlegm-Heat Obstructing Lung / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To evaluated the effectiveness and safety ofLianhua Jizhi Tablets for acute trachitis and bronchitis with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing.Methods A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled and multi-center clinical trial design was selected. Totally 240 cases were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 120 cases in each group, of which 237 cases were included in the analysis of FAS. Experimental group was givenLianhua Jizhi Tablets, while control group was given placebo, 12 tablets/day, 7 days for a course. Curative effect of acute trachitis and bronchitis, TCM syndrome and disappearance of cough, cough and sputum symptom scores and area under the curve (AUC) were observed. The safety was evaluated. Results The cure rates of disease in experimental group and control group were 66.67% (78/117) and 29.17% (35/120), respectively;cure rates of TCM syndrome in experimental group and the control group were 68.38% (80/117) and 27.50% (33/120), respectively;there was statistically significant difference in area under the curve of cough and sputum symptom score between the two groups (P<0.01). Disappearance rates (cure) of daytime cough in experimental group and control group were 52.99% (62/117) and 13.33% (16/120), respectively;disappearance rates (cure) of nocturnal cough in experimental group and control group were 76.52% (88/115) and 31.90% (37/116), respectively;there were no side effects in experimental group.ConclusionLianhua Jizhi Tablets can significantly relieve clinic symptoms in the treatment of acute trachitis and bronchitis, and have good clinical efficacy and safety.

Protective effects of simvastatin on injured dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease rats induced by lipopolysaccharide / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the effect of simvastatin treatment on Parkinson's disease rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its mechanism.Methods The LPS-PD model was established by injection of LPS (5 mg/mL) into the right substantia nigra compacta (SNC),and rats were randomly divided into control group,LPS-model group and simvastatin treatment group with 15 rats in each group.Rats in the simvastatin treatment group was intraperitoneally administered simvastatin (5 mg/kg) before,and daily for 14 days after surgery,while the control group and LPS-model group received same volume normal saline and LPS respectively.Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the SNC were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.The effect of simvastatin in the PD model was also examined in behavioral tests.Results The LPS-model group exhibited typical animal PD behaviors.Compared with the control group,the LPS-model group exhibited a decreased number of DA neurons,and comparison of the intact side to reduce 81.13％ (P＜0.01) in the SNC,as well as increases in the Iba-1-positive cell number,iNOS,IL-1β and TNF-α expression (P＜0.05).These effects were inhibited by simvastatin treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion Simvastatin mediates a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the SNC in the LPS-PD model,possibly by inhibiting glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) activation,and playing an anti-inflammatory role,thus improving substantia nigra function.

Protective effect of emodin against airway inflammation in the ovalbumin-induced mouse model / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether emodin exerts protective effects on mouse with allergic asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A mouse model of allergic airway inflflammation was employed. The C57BL/6 mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were intraperitoneally administered 10 or 20 mg/kg emodin for 3 days during OVA challenge. Animals were sacrificed 48 h after the last challenge. Inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BALF and level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay kits. The mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Emodin induced significant suppression of the number of OVA-induced total inflammatory cells in BALF. Treatment with emodin led to significant decreases in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BALF and total IgE level in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue revealed marked attenuation of allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation. Additionally, emodin suppressed IL-4, IL-5 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions and induced HO-1 mRNA expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Emodin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the airway inflammation mouse model, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.</p>

Influence of simvastatin on dopaminergic neurons of lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the neuroprotective effects of simvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the mechanisms involved.@*METHODS@#Hemiparkinsonian rat models were induced by stereotaxieal injection of LPS in the right substantia nigra compacta. After 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment, rotational behavior test was performed after the intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine. Expression of tyroxine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining of substantia nigra and striatum, and the level of TNF- α was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#Comparing with untreated group, behavioral symptoms of the rats were significantly less in the rats that received simvastatin treatment. The TH positive cell count in substantia nigra and striatum were significantly increased (P<0.05) and TNF- α expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in simvastatin group compared to untreated group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Simvastatin could effectively inhibit the activation of astrocytes, reduce TNF- α expression, and exert anti-inflammatory effects, and thus protect the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum of the rat model of PD.

The treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semicircular canal by Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semi-circular canal by Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver.@*METHOD@#One hundred and fifty patients with benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semicircular canal were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C. Patients in group A were treated by Epley maneuver and patients in group B were treated by Semont maneuver. Patients in group C were received the treatment of Epley maneuver combined with Semont ma- neuver. We recorded the times of treatments in different groups respectively. Statistics of treatment effects and follow-up studies with 3 months after the recovery were assessed.@*RESULT@#The cure rate of the canalith repositioning on the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment in group A was respective 72% (38/53) and 81% (43/53) and 85% (45/53), in group B was 68% (30/44) and 80% (35/44) and 84% (37/44), in group C was 89% (47/53) and 94% (50/53) and 98% (52/53). The cure rate in group C is significantly higher than group A and group B (χ2 = 6.777, P < 0.05; χ2 = 6.647, P < 0.05). 3 months after recovery 6 patients in group A, 5 patients in group B and 1 patient in group C were relapsed.@*CONCLUSION@#By the use of Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver in the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semicircular canal, the primary cure rate was increased and the numbers of treatments were reduced and the relapse was decreased. It is suitable to use Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver in the clinic.

Human 14-3-3γ gene transfer may protect dopaminergic neurons in rat of Parkinson's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of 14-3-3 γ gene on dopaminergic neurons of PD rat model.Methods 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the corpus striatum of 60 SD rats to establish PD model.A week later,Ad/14-3-3 γ was injected into the corpus striatum of 16 rats,while PBS and Ad-LacZ were injected into the corpus striatum of 16 and 28 rats,respectively,as control.X-gal dyeing was utilized to examine the LacZ reporter gene expression in the corpus striatum at 3 day,2 week and 6 week.Real-time PCR was utilized to test the expression level of 14-3-3 γmRNA at 2 weeks after Ad/14-3-3 γ injection.Immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect TH positive neurons and fibers in the corpus striatum and substantial nigra.Western blotting was performed to check the expression of 14-3-3 γ in the corpus striatum at 2 weeks and caspase-3 at 6 veeks after Ad/14-3-3 γ injection.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to examine the contents of DA and DOPAC in the corpus striatum.The rats underwent rotational ethological examination at 1,2 and 6 weeks after the second injection.Results The expression of β-gal,which showed the successful LacZ gene transfection,was found in the corpus striatum of LacZ groups.The 14-3-3 γ mRNA and protein expression in the corpus striatum were significantly higher in the Ad/14-3-3 γ group than in the other two groups.The TH-positive cell ratio of substania nigra to contralateral area in the lesion side was 0.44±0.17 and the optical density (OD) of TH-positive fibers was 0.62±0.14 in the Ad/14-3-3 γ group,both higher than those in PBS group (0.16±0.13 and 0.36±0.15) and LacZ group (0.15±0.09 and 0.30±0.11) (all P＜0.01).The contents of DA and DOPAC in the lesion sides of corpus striatum were increased in the Ad/14-3-3 γ group [(248± 116)ng/g and (752±177) ng/g] than in PBS group [(106±35) ng/g and (724±159) ng/g] and LacZ group [(136±49) ng/g and (765±163) ng/g] (P＜0.01).The DA and DOPAC ratios of the lesion side of corpus striatum to the contralateral side were 0.37±0.14 and 0.38±0.17 in the Ad/14-3-3 γgroup,higher than those in PBS group (0.15±0.08 and 0.13±0.10,respectively) and LacZ group (0.19±0.11 and 0.16±0.09 (all P＜0.01).The expression level of caspase-3 was decreased in Ad/14-3-3 γ group than in PBS and LacZ groups at 6 weeks after the second injection.The turns/min induced by apomorphine in Ad/14-3-3 γ group were 9.4 ± 2.5 at 1 week after the Ad/14-3-3 γinjection,and reduced to 4.6±2.2 at 6 weeks later.While in PBS and LacZ group,the turns were 14.5±4.9 and 13.8±3.5 at 1 week after the second injection,6 weeks later rised to 18.7±5.2 and 20.6± 6.7 respectively,significantly higher than those in Ad/14-3-3 γ group (all P＜0.01).Conclusions 14-3-3γ gene transfer has a protective effect on the dopaminergic neurons and it may be a promising candidate gene for curing PD.

Effect of Fastigial Nucleus Electrical Stimulation on Monoamine Transmitters in Spinal Cord Fluid of Parkinson's Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic effects of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation (FNS) on motor and depression symptoms and monoamine neurotransmitters in the spinal cord fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods65 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease following depression were divided into stimulation group (FNS+Madopar, n=35) and control group (Madopar, n=30). The stimulation group took Modopar, and treated with FNS, 30 miniutes once a day for 30 days. The control group took Modopar only. Madopar dose has no change during the treatment. The patients were evaluated by Webster Parkinson's Disease Evaluation Form, and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) before and after FNS treatment. The loading of monoamine neurotransmitters was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical process.ResultsAfter the treatment, the stimulation group improved in clinical feature and depression, scored significantly lower on Webster and HAMD than the control group(P<0.05); the loading of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in spinal cord fluid increased; however noradrenalin and dopamine had no different. But there was no significant change in the symptoms and the loading of monoamine neurotransmitters in the control group.ConclusionFNS is efficient to relieve the motor and depression symptoms of PD, which possible mechamism might be central neuroprotection and the release of 5-HT by FNS induction.